Research Database: Article Details
| Citation: | Boycott, N., Schneider, J., & McMurran, M. (2012). Additional interventions to enhance the effectiveness of individual placement and support: A rapid evidence assessment. Rehabilitation Research and Practice, 2012 (1), 101-108. |
| Title: | Additional interventions to enhance the effectiveness of individual placement and support: A rapid evidence assessment |
| Authors: | Boycott, N., Schneider, J., & McMurran, M. |
| Year: | 2012 |
| Journal/Publication: | Rehabilitation Research and Practice |
| Publisher: | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/382420 |
| Full text: | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/rerp/2012/382420/ |
| Peer-reviewed? | Yes |
| NIDILRR-funded? | Not reported |
| Research design: | Systematic review / meta-analysis |
Structured abstract:
| Background: | Individual placement and support (IPS) has been developed as a standardized approach to supported employment aimed at helping people with severe mental health problems find competitive work. IPS has proven very effective in improving vocational outcomes amongst people with severe mental illness when compared to other vocational services, with a recent review reporting that 61% of participants enrolled in IPS programs gained employment, compared to 23% of those on other vocational programs. IPS does have limitations, however. As the results above would suggest, around 40% of people on IPS programs do not gain employment despite the support. A second criticism of IPS relates to job tenure of the people employed through these schemes, which tends to be short |
| Purpose: | To establish whether additional interventions improve the vocational outcomes of IPS alone for people with severe mental illness. The aim of this rapid evidence assessment was to identify studies which have sought to improve on the effectiveness of standard IPS by adding a supplementary intervention. The aims are to answer the following questions: (1) what supplementary interventions have been used with IPS? (2) What are the results and what is the quality of those studies? (3) Do supplementary interventions improve employment rates and job tenure compared to IPS alone? (4) Are any supplementary interventions superior to others? |
| Setting: | This study is a systematic review. The included studies were undertaken in various locations and settings. |
| Study sample: | The search was for empirical studies conducted from 1980 to July 2011. Studies were considered for inclusion if they: involved people with a severe mental illness; indicated the use of IPS or IPS core principles; involved supplementary interventions categorised as skills training, education, cognitive training, or psycho-therapeutic techniques. Studies meeting these criteria were only included if the design compared IPS alone with enhanced IPS. The sample included 11 studies involving individuals with mental illness. |
| Intervention: | A rapid evidence assessment of the literature was conducted for studies where behavioral or psychological interventions have been used to supplement standard IPS. Published and unpublished empirical studies of IPS with additional interventions were considered for inclusion. |
| Control or comparison condition: | There were no comparison or control conditions. |
| Data collection and analysis: | A Rapid evidence assessment provides an overview of existing research on a specific research topic, as well as a simple extraction and synthesis of the relevant data. The methods used to search for and appraise the research are systematic and rigorous, but the depth of the search is limited by the development of search terms and breadth of resources searched. This type of assessment is particularly useful to quickly gather existing evidence in a research area and determine what future research needs to be done. Data regarding employment rates and job tenure were extracted directly from the papers. Odds ratios were calculated where possible using data on participants employed/not employed per experimental group in each study. Where necessary, authors were contacted for further clarification or information. |
| Findings: | In total 627 papers were identified and 246 remained after duplicates were removed, of which 241 were excluded at this stage (reasons are given below). References of the 5 included papers and relevant (excluded) systematic reviews were screened for potentially relevant titles, which identified a further 15 records for screening once duplicates had been removed. Of these, 6 further papers met the inclusion criteria. In total, 11 papers were included in the review and 250 papers were excluded. Averaging across the employment rates reported by four studies, enhanced IPS does appear to produce higher rates of competitive employment compared to IPS or control groups alone. The average enhanced rate of 76% would also appear to be higher than the average IPS employment rates reported in previous reviews [3], and this difference is accentuated when focussing on studies using skills training, where on average the employment rate is 25% higher. In addition, rates were moderately higher than previous reviews for studies involving cognitive training. |
| Conclusions: | Six published studies were found which compared IPS alone to IPS plus a supplementary intervention. Of these, three used skills training and three used cognitive remediation. The contribution of each discrete intervention is difficult to establish. Some evidence suggests that work-related social skills and cognitive training are effective adjuncts, but this is an area where large RCTs are required to yield conclusive evidence. |
| Disabilities served: |
Bi-polar Chronic mental illness Depression Schizophrenia |
| Populations served: |
Gender: Female and Male |
| Interventions: |
Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment Training and technical assistance |
| Outcomes: |
Employment acquisition Increase in hours worked Increase in tenure Wages |